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toc \o "1-3" \h \z \u hyperlink \l "_toc358018588" content pageref _toc358018588 \h 1
hyperlink \l "_toc358018589" chapter 1 outline pageref _toc358018589 \h 4
hyperlink \l "_toc358018590" 1.1 precautions pageref _toc358018590 \h 4
hyperlink \l "_toc358018591" 1.1.1 installation environment of engraving machine pageref _toc358018591 \h 4
hyperlink \l "_toc358018592" 1.1.2 usage precautions of engraving machine pageref _toc358018592 \h 4
hyperlink \l "_toc358018593" 1.2 system features pageref _toc358018593 \h 5
hyperlink \l "_toc358018594" chapter 2 system operation interface pageref _toc358018594 \h 7
hyperlink \l "_toc358018595" 2.1 system interface pageref _toc358018595 \h 7
hyperlink \l "_toc358018596" 2.2 toolbar pageref _toc358018596 \h 8
hyperlink \l "_toc358018597" 2.3 status bar pageref _toc358018597 \h 9
hyperlink \l "_toc358018598" 2.4 machining path window pageref _toc358018598 \h 11
hyperlink \l "_toc358018599" 2.5 multifunctional window pageref _toc358018599 \h 12
hyperlink \l "_toc358018600" chapter 3 how to input program file pageref _toc358018600 \h 14
hyperlink \l "_toc358018601" 3.1 import program file from u disk pageref _toc358018601 \h 14
hyperlink \l "_toc358018602" 3.2 manually compile program file pageref _toc358018602 \h 15
hyperlink \l "_toc358018603" chapter 4 how to machine manually pageref _toc358018603 \h 18
hyperlink \l "_toc358018604" 4.1 remote mode pageref _toc358018604 \h 19
hyperlink \l "_toc358018605" 4.2 constant micro mode pageref _toc358018605 \h 19
hyperlink \l "_toc358018606" 4.3 incremental stepping mode pageref _toc358018606 \h 20
hyperlink \l "_toc358018607" chapter 5 how to setup workpiece origin pageref _toc358018607 \h 21
hyperlink \l "_toc358018608" chapter 6 how to select program file pageref _toc358018608 \h 27
hyperlink \l "_toc358018609" 6.1 file loading pageref _toc358018609 \h 27
hyperlink \l "_toc358018610" 6.2 workpiece origin setting pageref _toc358018610 \h 27
hyperlink \l "_toc358018611" 6.3 relevant operations for auto machining pageref _toc358018611 \h 27
hyperlink \l "_toc358018612" 6.3.1 reset pageref _toc358018612 \h 28
hyperlink \l "_toc358018613" 6.3.2 start pageref _toc358018613 \h 28
hyperlink \l "_toc358018614" 6.3.3 pause pageref _toc358018614 \h 31
hyperlink \l "_toc358018615" 6.3.4 stop pageref _toc358018615 \h 32
hyperlink \l "_toc358018616" 6.3.5 resume at breakpoint pageref _toc358018616 \h 32
hyperlink \l "_toc358018617" 6.3.6 advanced start pageref _toc358018617 \h 32
6.3.7 mirror image and rotation processing������������������...33
6.3.8 exhibit processing��������������������������..34
6.4 hand wheel guidance��������������������������...35
hyperlink \l "_toc358018618" chapter 7 how to check program file 38
hyperlink \l "_toc358018619" chapter 8 how to operate milling bottom and frame 40
hyperlink \l "_toc358018620" chapter 9 return to mechanical origin 43
hyperlink \l "_toc358018621" chapter 10 program management 45
hyperlink \l "_toc358018622" 10.1 new 45
hyperlink \l "_toc358018623" 10.2 edit 46
hyperlink \l "_toc358018624" 10.3 delete 48
hyperlink \l "_toc358018625" 10.4 rename 48
hyperlink \l "_toc358018626" 10.5 export to u disk 48
hyperlink \l "_toc358018627" chapter 11 parameter management 49
hyperlink \l "_toc358018628" 11.1 parameter setting 50
hyperlink \l "_toc358018629" 11.2 return to manufacturer default parameter 52
hyperlink \l "_toc358018630" 11.3 parameter backup 52
hyperlink \l "_toc358018631" 11.4 parameter renew 52
hyperlink \l "_toc358018632" 11.5 password modification 53
hyperlink \l "_toc358018633" 11.6 permission of parameter change 53
hyperlink \l "_toc358018634" 11.7 methods of parameter change 54
hyperlink \l "_toc358018635" 11.8 user parameter 54
hyperlink \l "_toc358018636" 11.8.1operating parameter 54
hyperlink \l "_toc358018637" 11.8.2 feeding axis parameter 56
hyperlink \l "_toc358018638" 11.8.3 main shaft parameter 56
hyperlink \l "_toc358018639" 11.8.4 origin parameter 56
hyperlink \l "_toc358018640" 11.8.5 cutter parameter 56
hyperlink \l "_toc358018641" 11.9 factory parameter 57
hyperlink \l "_toc358018642" 11.9.1 operating parameter 57
hyperlink \l "_toc358018643" 11.9.2 feeding axis parameter 59
hyperlink \l "_toc358018644" 11.9.3 main shaft parameter 60
hyperlink \l "_toc358018645" 11.9.4 compensation parameter 61
hyperlink \l "_toc358018646" 11.9.5 origin parameter 61
hyperlink \l "_toc358018647" 11.9.6 i/o polarity parameter 62
hyperlink \l "_toc358018648" chapter 12 auxiliary management 63
hyperlink \l "_toc358018649" 12.1 software update 63
hyperlink \l "_toc358018650" 12.2 current version 64
hyperlink \l "_toc358018651" 12.3 chinese/english interface 65
hyperlink \l "_toc358018652" programming manual 66
hyperlink \l "_toc358018653" chapter 1 description of cnc machine tool 69
hyperlink \l "_toc358018654" 1.1 machine tool coordinate axis 69
hyperlink \l "_toc358018655" 1.1.1 naming and direction of machine tool coordinate axis 69
hyperlink \l "_toc358018656" 1.1.2 confirmation of machine tool coordinate axis direction 69
hyperlink \l "_toc358018657" 1.2 machine tool coordinate system, machine tool zero point and machine tool reference point 71
hyperlink \l "_toc358018658" 1.2.1 machine tool coordinate system and machine tool zero point 71
hyperlink \l "_toc358018659" 1.2.2 machine tool reference point and machine tool stroke switch 71
hyperlink \l "_toc358018660" 1.2.3 machine tool return to reference point and the establishment of machine tool coordinate system 72
hyperlink \l "_toc358018661" 1.2.4 workpiece coordinate system and workpiece original point 73
hyperlink \l "_toc358018662" chapter 2 structure of component program 75
hyperlink \l "_toc358018663" 2.1 address and functional symbol 75
hyperlink \l "_toc358018664" 2.2 format of program segment 76
hyperlink \l "_toc358018665" 2.3 composition of program structure 77
hyperlink \l "_toc358018666" 2.3.1 part programming number 77
hyperlink \l "_toc358018667" 2.3.2 program content 77
hyperlink \l "_toc358018668" 2.3.3 program terminator 78
hyperlink \l "_toc358018669" 2.4 content of program main part 78
hyperlink \l "_toc358018670" 2.5 format of subprogram 78
hyperlink \l "_toc358018671" chapter 3 programming directive system 80
hyperlink \l "_toc358018672" 3.1 spindle function s, feeding function f and tool function t 80
hyperlink \l "_toc358018673" 3.1.1 spindle function s 80
hyperlink \l "_toc358018674" 3.1.2 feeding function f 80
hyperlink \l "_toc358018675" 3.1.3 tool function t 81
hyperlink \l "_toc358018676" 3.2 auxiliary function m code 81
hyperlink \l "_toc358018677" 3.3 preparing function g code 83
hyperlink \l "_toc358018678" 3.3.1 selection of coordinate plane and programming method 83
hyperlink \l "_toc358018679" 3.3.2 setting and selection of coordinate system 85
hyperlink \l "_toc358018680" 3.3.3 setting of the unit 87
hyperlink \l "_toc358018681" 3.3.4 feeding control directive 88
hyperlink \l "_toc358018682" 3.3.5 control directive of returning to reference point 93
hyperlink \l "_toc358018683" 3.3.6 directive of simplifying programming 95
hyperlink \l "_toc358018684" 3.3.7 directive of tool compensation function 100
hyperlink \l "_toc358018685" 3.3.8 other directives 105
hyperlink \l "_toc358018686" 3.3.9 fixed circulation function 106
hyperlink \l "_toc358018687" 3.3.10 advanced function 115
hyperlink \l "_toc358018688" 3.4 g directive appendix table 116
hyperlink \l "_toc358018689" appendix 118
chapter 1 outline
welcome to use our computerized controller for engraving machine. illustrated with a lot of examples and figures, this manual mainly introduces its features and operating procedures of each function in details. before operation, please read this manual carefully to ensure correct use of the controller and no occurrence of accidents. and please keep it properly for the convenience of your reference at any time.
this control system is of professional three-axis motion controller based on the embedded platform, running independently without pc. the embedded operation system is adopted so that computer virus can be avoided. to achieve high machining efficiency and high quality machining surface, advanced motion control algorithm of self-adoptive look-ahead velocity and spline interpolation are applied in this system. it is very easy for users to operate, learn and understand. and the installation is easy with little space occupation. this system can be applied to all kinds of engraving machines, engraving and milling machines, and cutting machines.
1.1 precautions
1.1.1 installation environment of engraving machine
solid ground;
avoid direct sunlight;
leave some space for maintenance;
space temperature: 5! to 40!;
relative humidity: 30� to 95� rh;
install the devices in the horizontal position;
well-ventilated.
1.1.2 usage precautions of engraving machine
do not use this product in strong interference and magnetic field environment;
don't plug and pull cable in control box with power on;
pay attention to waterproof, dustproof and fire prevention;
keep conducting material like metal out of the inner case,
unauthorized dismantlement is not allowed as no inner parts are expected to be repaired by operators;
plug and pull u disk and other wirings with moderate strength;
cut the power off when the controller isn't in use for a long period of time and keep it properly;
don't touch the working engraving knives with your hands in case of injuries as they are very sharp. and don't contact them with handkerchief or silk scarves to avoid injuries or equipment damaging;
cut the power off when overhauling and adjusting the machine;
operators and servicemen shall be well-trained.
1.2 system features
compatible with data format such as standard g code, plt and eng. support mainstream cad/cam software, such as artcam, mastercam, proe, etc., and data generated by full series of eng5.18 to eng5.50.
max. amount of axes to control: triple; support double/triple axes linear interpolation and double axes circular interpolation;
adopt triple axes spline interpolation function, operating fitting-interpolation to small lines under condition of spline, improving surface quality;
operators can realize interaction of outside files with system through u disk without network completely;
pretreatment of multi-lines and advanced self-adoptive look-ahead velocity control over machining path to realize fast speed, high precision, and good continuity;
constant small lines machining at high speed and automatic selection of the most efficiency one among various kinds of small lines control algorithms;
the standard 4g data storage space can be extended to 32g at most, supporting program file of large capacity;
3d view of machining path and real-time graphic demonstration during the process;
manual data input (operators can input the g code online);
block-skipping executive function: machining according to specified machining lines;
support backlash compensation, lead screw error compensation and cutter compensation;
possess the functions of breakpoint memorizing and power failure auto protection;
machinery fault diagnosis and system log;
possess the functions of automatic returning to origin, tool setting and returning to reference point;
built-in program file editing manager: operators can manage, edit and modify the files at any time without interrupting the present machining status;
simulation function: quickly simulate the machining program to check if there is any error in the machining program and if the machining result is satisfactory;
chapter 2 system operation interface
2.1 system interface
the whole interface of the system is composed of �title bar�, �menu bar�, �toolbar�, �status bar�, �machining path window� and some functional windows. see figure 2-1 below:
figure 2-1 operation interface
title bar: mainly used to display company logo and the file name already loaded.
menu bar: include a few pull-down menus, respectively representing five main operations: �auto�, �manual�, �parameter management�, �windows�, and �help�. a certain movement or function can be realized by selecting the corresponding menu item on the �menu bar�.
toolbar: shortcut operation buttons are on the left of the �toolbar�. through these buttons, the corresponding operations can be executed. on the right is �message box� in which warnings are shown and information are prompted.
status bar: mainly include four information displaying windows: �machine tool status�, �feedrate�, �spindle speed� and �machining information�. some status messages during the machining will be displayed. after clicking the buttons, the corresponding coordinate or speed parameters can be changed.
machining path window: mainly used to display the 3d path image of simulation or machining. details of machining can be viewed through functions of magnifying, minifying, moving and centering.
multifunctional window: the switch among the sub-windows can be realized through the buttons in the window. each sub-window, including �auto�, �manual�, �tool setting (calibrator)�, �system log�, �program management�, �program edit�, and �usb file�, represents a classificatory function respectively.
2.2 toolbar
�toolbar�, consisting of some operation buttons which correspond to the functions of some menu commands and selection items, is below the �menu bar�. these functions can be performed by clicking these buttons with the mouse directly.
there is a massage box which displays prompt messages and warnings on the right of the �status bar�. and it is very convenient for the operators to operate the system.
figure 2-2 toolbar
functions of buttons on the �toolbar�:
: back to workpiece origin;
: fixed tool setting;
: measure workpiece surface (floating tool setting);
: simulate;
: reset;
: start;
: pause;
: continue at breakpoint;
: stop.
2.3 status bar
there are four parts in the status bar interface. see the figure below:
1 2 3 4
figure 2-3 status bar
the first part is for machine tool status:
this part shows the current position of main shaft (tool), including workpiece origin and mechanical origin, and the current point position can be set as workpiece origin at any time. only move the cursor to the display area of workpiece coordinate of the axis, and then left click the mouse. when the dialogue box pops up, click �ok�, then you can set the coordinate of the axis as workpiece origin.
figure 2-4 workpiece coordinate origin setting
the second part is for feedrate
operators can set and adjust the feedrate. and the actual value of ratio and feedrate will be displayed. also, the current machining line and workpieces already processed will be displayed.
during auto machining, operators can adjust the machining speed by adjusting the slider bar of feedrate and altering the setting value of speed.
pull the slider bar to adjust the current motion speed ratio ranging from zero to 120%. the feedrate is shown in the form of percentage. the actual max. speed = setting value of speed * feedrate.
click the �speed box� behind the �setting value�, and the dialogue box to modify speed will pop up. input the new value and click the button �ok�, then the machining speed will be modified. the setting machining speed shall not exceed the max. speed of single axis is in the setting parameter; otherwise the system will report an error.
figure 2-5 feedrate adjustment
the third part is for spindle speed.
operators can set the main shaft speed and adjust the main shaft ratio. and the actual value of ratio and main shaft speed will be displayed. operators can also start/stop the rotation of the main shaft. just the same as the speed adjustment, the speed adjustment of the main shaft can be realized by pulling the slider bar or modifying the main shaft speed parameter.
the fourth part is for machining information.
it displays the current g code command, machining start time, and time already processed. the current number of tool, which is shown as t1, t2, etc., will also be displayed.
2.4 machining path window
when the machine tool is machining or simulating, the machining path window will track the machining path of the cutter in real time, which makes it obvious for operators to check the path that the cutter is taking, in order to make sure there isn�t any mistakes in machining program.
in the 3d tracking mode, the system provides the operators with rich operation methods to view the graph from different directions and suitable zoom rates. see the figure 2-6.
right click the mouse, a menu bar, containing �move/minify/magnify/clear screen�, will appear. operators can click the �move screen� button to drag the current displayed machining path. if there is a need to clear out the previous machining path when starting the second machining or after manual machining, operators can click the item �clear screen� to avoid confusion. and operators can click buttons �minify/magnify screen� to minify or magnify the current machining path.
in addition to the machining path window, there are windows of �program management�, �program edit�, �i/o status�, etc, which can be switched by clicking the titles with the mouse, or selected under the menu of �windows�.
figure 2-6 machining path window
2.5 multifunctional window
the multifunctional window is at the right bottom of the system interface. there are seven sub-windows, i.e., �auto�, �manual�, �tool setting (calibrator)�, �system log�, �program management�, �program edit�, and �usb file�. operators can click the buttons to change the windows or select on the �windows� menu.
figure 2-7 multifunctional window
chapter 3 how to input program file
there are two ways to input program file. one is to import from u disk. the other is to compile manually in the system. the first one is suitable for those complicated program files which need cad/cam software to assist in generating machining path and u disk to import into the system. the second one is applied to simple program files.
3.1 import program file from u disk
when begin to process a new file in the u disk, operators firstly have to import the new file into the system memory from the u disk to do engraving, instead of reading the file directly from the u disk.
select the item �usb file� on the �windows� menu or click the button �usb file� at the �status bar� at the right bottom of the main interface. till the u disk is identified by the system, the system will display all the folders and the supported file name. then operators can select the needed program file in the u disk and click the button �load into system�, and the program file in the u disk will be imported into the system memory. during the importing process, there will be a progress bar to inform the importing progress. after importing, the progress bar will disappear automatically. if operators select �input and load�, the system will input the files into the system and install the inputted file automatically. operators can also delete or rename the u disk file at this window.
figure 3-1 u disk file window
if there is any error in visiting the u disk or no u disk found, then the notification box will pop up.
figure 3-2 u disk file notification box
3.2 manually compile program file
besides importing files from u disk, operators can also compile program files online. firstly, select the item �program management� on the �windows� or switch the window of �status bar� at the right bottom of main interface to the window of �program management�. then click the button �new� at the bottom of the window, and a new empty file by default is created. operators can click the button �rename� to rename the default empty file. see the figure below:
figure 3-3 program file creating
click the button �edit�, then operators can compile the g code manually, during which the system will prompt the following operations, such as �cut�, �copy� and �paste� after right clicking the mouse. see the figure below:
figure 3-4 program editing
note:
this edit window can edit machining programs with storage under 5 megabytes. if the file is over 5 megabytes, operators have to edit in a specific editor on pc.
operators can input the g code in the edit window (the system can only support the g code edit function at present). the compiling norm for the g code must be in accordance with that of our company (see details in part two), otherwise the system will report an error. after inputting, the system will check the grammar automatically to make sure that the machine tool won't be damaged due to the execution of wrong commands.
right click the mouse at the �edit� window and the context menu will pop up. operators can perform the �copy� and �paste� functions conveniently to realize the edit and modification of the program at fast speed. click the button �save� after modifying the edit, then the modified program file will be saved.
chapter 4 how to machine manually
manual machining refers to machine tool carrying out machining by manual according to the program and parameters set by the users. there are four modes of machine tool manual operation, i.e., remote pulse mode, constant micro mode, incremental stepper mode and step length customized mode.
operators can select the manual operation mode to process the program files. click the �manual� button at the �status bar� window on the right bottom of the main interface, a manual operation interface will be displayed at the window and corresponding manual operations can be performed. there are six manual buttons at the window, corresponding to the positive and negative directions of x/y/z axes respectively. the manual window provides operators with an interactive operating environment to operate the machine tool manually.
figure 4-1 manual machining window
4.1 remote mode
operators can choose the remote impulse mode to perform constant machining. when switching the option button on the right of �manual� window to �remote (hw)�, operation of machine tool will be decided by remote inputting.
there are several options for impulse rate of remote, i.e., x1 gear, x10 gear, and x100 gear, representing different impulse magnifications of the remote;
there are three options for axis of remote, i.e., x/y/z axes which are fed according to operators' demands.
there are two options for stepping direction of remote, i.e., positive and negative for each axis. after selecting the axis in the remote, you can turn to the negative/positive direction, represented by the arrows /-.
after setting the axis, pulse rate and stepping direction of the remote, and turning the remote at average speed, operators can use the remote to control the movement of the machine tool. to avoid too much buffering pulses brought about by too faster speed of turning the remote, the pulses of the remote might not be strictly in accordance with the distance that the machine tool travels.
note:
before performing this operation, please check if the external remote device is correctly connected. this mode is mainly used for machine tool quick positioning.
4.2 constant micro mode
click the option button �constant (jog)� on the right of the window with your mouse, then you'll enter the constant micro mode, under which you can click the �manual� button with your mouse or press the corresponding shortcut numeric key on keypad. the machine tool will move when you click the �manual� button of the corresponding axis or when the corresponding number key is under the status of being pressing down. when the mouse or the key is released, then the machine tool stops moving.
when performing the micro action, the path displaying window will display the corresponding machining path.
4.3 incremental stepping mode
the same as the constant micro mode, the incremental stepping mode (use incremental mode for short) is another mode of manual machine tool operation. the difference is that the incremental stepping mode can precisely control the feeding distance of the motion axis of the machine tool.
before operating, operators shall set a proper step. through modifying the micro step, the micro feeding distance of each time can be set. operators can select the proper step through the keyboard or the mouse, or the step can be customized. selectable steps in the system are 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 5mm, 10mm, and 15mm.
the step can be set in the following methods.
1) through the keyboard:
when the micro window becomes the current active window, the micro step can be increased or decreased through the corresponding number keys of the �manual� button. each time you press the number key, the corresponding axis moves at the given step.
2) through the mouse:
click the button of the proper step with the mouse directly by selecting the manual button of the corresponding axis in the manual button area of the window. each time you press the manual button, the machine tool moves according to the step you select.
besides the above steps which are in common use, operators can customize the step. operate as follows: right click �customized length� and a dialogue box will pop up. set the proper step in the dialogue box and then click the �ok� button to go back. after customizing the step, the system will micro according the step set by operators.
after setting the proper step, then you can operate the machine tool through keyboard or mouse.
note: don't set the micro step of the z axis too large so that the machine tool won't be damaged due to wrong operations. chapter 5 how to setup workpiece origin
before machining with the files, operators can adjust the position of the tools and workpieces manually so that the machine can work at the preset position of the workpiece.
workpiece origin of x/y axes setting: run the x/y axes to the preset position manually and click the coordinate column of x/y axes at the coordinate window. clear the coordinate value of x/y axes at current position according to the prompt in the message box. see the figure below:
figure 5-1 workpiece origin setting
there are three ways to set up the workpiece origin of z axis, i.e., manual setting, floating tool setting, and fixed tool setting.
manual setting is similar to the x/y workpiece origin setting.
floating tool setting makes it convenient for operators to locate the height of the workpiece surface and set the workpiece origin of z axis. specific operations are as follows: put the feeler block on the surface of the workpiece and move the tool nose above the workpiece origin through manual operation. then click the �floating tool setting� button, and the system will pop up a dialogue box, inquiring if the position of the tool setting is right. then click �ok�. when the machine tool is performing the tool setting operation, the tool nose will touch the feeler block and then it will raise 10 mm by itself. together with the thickness of the feeler block, the coordinate of the z axis will be identified.
the icon of floating tool setting on the �toolbar� menu is.
shape \* mergeformat
figure 5-2 diagram of floating tool setting
note:
before tool setting, operators have to make sure that the tool nose is above the feeler block, which means that the tool nose shall touch the feeler block when feeding the cutter, otherwise the cutter head and workpiece will be damaged as the machine tool keeps on feeding.
the thickness of the feeler block can be set in �factory parameter�. the workpiece origin coordinate in z axis will compensate the thickness after setting the tool.
the speed of tool setting, ranging from 60 to 1000 mm/min, can be set in �parameter setting�. if the speed is over the maximum of the set parameter, then the cutter head or feeler block will be worn-out.
for fixed tool setting, operators shall set the mechanical coordinate of tool setter in �parameter management�. when performing fixed tool setting, the system will automatically move to the corresponding mechanical coordinate of x/y axes. after that, the system will perform tool setting in the z axis. the movement of z axis tool setting is similar to that of floating tool setting.
operators can select the item �save workpiece origin� on the �manual� menu to save the current workpiece origin to the program file system. in this way, operators can save the frequently used workpiece origin and make it a preset value. if it is the first time for operators to set the workpiece origin and want to fast position it, then operators can use this function to save the value of the workpiece origin.
figure 5-3 item for saving to workpiece origin
select the �read workpiece origin� item on the �manual� menu, operators can pre-read the set value of workpiece origin coordinate and quickly move back to the preset workpiece origin which is already read. after reading, the system will go back to the preset workpiece origin through the �back to workpiece origin� command.
figure 5-4 item for reading workpiece origin
operators can also select the �set offset� item on the �manual� menu, the following window, which can respectively set �public offset�, �workpiece offset� and �workpiece coordinate� to locate the workpiece origin, will pop up.
�public offset� refers to the raising or deepening distance of the machine tool cutter during the machining and it can be set in the x/y/z axes respectively.
note:
the offset value of each corresponding axis in the public offset is the outcome of several offset setting accumulation. the reason is that the machining depth of some workpieces is very deep and the cutter of the machine tool cannot be finished once in the process of machining but in several times. for example, if the machining depth of one workpiece is 4.5 mm, but the machining depth of the cutter for each time is 1.5 mm, then it needs three times of offset setting to finish the machining and each machining offset is 1.5 mm.
�workpiece offset� refers to filling the mechanical coordinate of the current point in the corresponding offset value.
�workpiece coordinate� refers to filling the workpiece coordinate of the current point in the corresponding offset value, which is worked out through calculation. workpiece coordinate = mechanical coordinate - public offset - workpiece offset.
select the �measure workpiece surface� button, or click the button �measure workpiece surface� on the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface, the window as below will pop up, and the corresponding data of the workpiece surface can be set in the window.
select the �set workpiece surface� button, the window as below will pop up and the corresponding data of the workpiece surface can be set in the window.
after all the offset value is set, click the �ok� button and all the set offset value will come into effect.
figure 5-5 set offset value
note:
during the process of workpiece coordinate value modification, the machine tool won't do any operation. actually, the system will adjust the workpiece origin to realize the current point coordinate modification.
once the coordinate of the workpiece is set, the command value of absolute value programming in the follow-up program segment are all values related to this workpiece coordinate origin.
chapter 6 how to select program file
6.1 file loading
firstly, open the program management window, and then select the file to be used. after this, click the �load� button at the bottom of the window. after loading, the loaded file name will be displayed on the top of the �title bar� of the main interface and it will automatically switch to the status of �auto machining�.
figure 6-1 program file loading
6.2 workpiece origin setting
see chapter five for details. and if the workpiece origin is already set, then there is no need to set again.
6.3 relevant operations for auto machining
on the menu �auto�, items related to auto machining are included:
figure 6-2 auto menu on the menu bar
6.3.1 reset
the �reset� function is a method which is used to break off the machining program in abnormal conditions. when the machine tool stops abnormally, operators shall select the �reset� item on the �auto� menu, or click the �reset� button icon in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface, then the machine tool will reset automatically.
the �reset� operation is the calibration of the machine tool in abnormal machining, and it can bring the machine tool back to the normal and effective status before break-off.
6.3.2 start
after selecting the program file, operators shall select the �start� item on the �auto� menu, or click the �start� button icon in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface, or use the short-cut key f9, then the machine tool will start auto machining from the first line of the file selected. in the machining path window, operators can view that the window displays the according machining path according to the movements of the cutters. and in the window of automatic machining, the program can be seen being processed line by line. the cursor will automatically track to the current code and the right highlight will scroll down constantly. through this window, operators will be able to view the information about the current machining program code.
note: when setting parameters, operators shall make the machine tool back to the mechanical origin and the system will also remind this. the system won't perform automatic machining command without going back to the mechanical origin.
figure 6-4 interface status of auto machining
figure 6-5 current auto machining state notification on the tool and status bar
note:
the system will check the syntax of the automatic program file while machining and the syntax check is loading automatic machining (namely, syntax check has �look-head� function). if the syntax error is checked out in one line of the program in the program file, then the system will display the wrong sentence with the red highlight and alarm in the automatic machining window, and stop the machine tool automatically. operators can check, modify and edit the grammar and syntax of the wrong sentence, and then save it. after clicking the �resume at breakpoint� button in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface, the program will resume automatic machining from where it is modified.
during automatic machining, no new file can be loaded. information about the starting and finished machining time of the current file, and the number of the being used cutter, will be displayed in the �machining information� window in the �status bar�, which is convenient for operators to view the operation of automatic machining.
in the accordant sections, feeding speed and main shaft rotation speed can be reset by adjusting the slider bar or modifying the setting value. once the value is modified, the new setting will come into effect.
both of the start and stop information of the automatic machining will be saved to the system log, which records important operations by operators and the events that have already happened. from the �system log information� window, operators can not only scan the log information produced since this start, but also review the records of the historical information. this function can help operators analyze and diagnose the system when it breaks down.
figure 6-6 function of system log
the log information currently recorded by the system includes:
start and stop information of automatic machining;
alternation of the workpiece coordinates;
system alarm information;
finished information of the program file;
other information about the system.
note:
operators shall clear the system log regularly; otherwise the system will work slowly due to too many logs.
6.3.3 pause
when there is a need to pause after starting automatic machining, operators can select the �pause� item on the �auto� menu. and at this time, the �pause� function in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface is effective, and operators can click the button icon to pause, or use the short-cut key f10. the machine tool will slow down from the current speed till it is zero.
6.3.4 stop
when operators want to stop the program file after starting automatic machining, you can select the �stop� item on the �auto� menu. and at this time, the �stop� function in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface is effective, and operators can click the button icon to stop, or use the short-cut key f11. the machine tool will slow down from the current speed till it is zero, then it will raise the cutter. and the system will save the breakpoint automatically after the stop.
1) if system is under simulation status during �auto machining�, it will stop simulating after �stop� menu is selected.
2) however, system will not exit from the simulation status. at this time, operators can analyze the simulation result.
6.3.5 resume at breakpoint
if operators want to resume machining from the last stop of the machine tool, you can select the �resume at breakpoint status� item on the �auto� menu. and at this time, the �resume at breakpoint� function in the �tool and status bar� on the left top of the main interface is effective, and operators can click the �resume at breakpoint� button icon on it. if operators want to resume at breakpoint because of power failure during the machining, then operators shall make the machine tool go back to the mechanical origin before resuming.
6.3.6 advanced start
sometimes there is no need for operators to perform the whole file machining, but starting from and finish at the specified line of the file, which is defined as �block skipping execution�.
select the �advanced start� item on the �auto� menu, or use the short-cut keys ctrl plus f9, operators can perform �advanced start�, which realizes the function of program skipping execution. the system will pop up the dialogue box of �execute� (�advanced� item) after selecting this function. see the figure 6-7.
figure 6-7 advanced start
operators can set the line number at the start and finishing position, and click the �ok� button, then the machine tool will only executive the specified program segment of the whole machining program according to your setting.
note:
if operators select from the beginning and ending of the file, then the machine tool will machining the whole program file, during which we consider it the max range of the jumping execution.
the �advanced start� function will make it convenient for operators to perform the machining of the program segment which they are interested, and it also can be used to check whether the certain program segment of the program file is right or not.
the short-cut keys for each item on the auto menu: f6 for �reset�, f9 for �start�, f10 for �pause�, f11 for �stop�, f8 for �simulation�, ctrl plus f9 for �advanced start� and ctrl shift f9 for �machining explanation execution�.
6.3.7 mirror image and rotation processing
except process the files in normal ways, operators can also perform mirror image and rotation processing to the files. system provides two types of mirror image functions, i.e. x image mirror and y image mirror; and three types of rotation functions, i.e. cw 90�, cw180�and ccw90�. operators shall click �auto-mirror image and rotation processing� to start this function. (note: once operators select this function, it will be effective permanently. therefore, if this function is not required, please back to select �neither mirror image nor rotation�.
6.3.8 exhibit processing
operators can perform �exhibit processing� to the files. click �select files� to select the target files, and then input the value of the following parameters: exhibit rows, exhibit column, exhibit interval in rows and exhibit interval in column. after inputting the values, operators shall click �create processing files�, and then system will create the exhibit files under the program management directory. the files name will be dominated in the following rule: the exhibit rows of original file name * exhibit column.
the shortcut keys of each menu in �auto� menu: reset\�f6; start\�f9; pause\�f10; stop\�f11; simulate\�f8; advanced start\�ctrl f9; execute processing order\�ctrl shift f9.
6.4 hand wheel guidance
system support hand wheel guidance processing. firstly, please enter into hand wheel guidance mode. see the figure below:
select �start� item in �auto� menu, or click the �start� icon on the tool bar and status bar on the top left of the main interface, or use the shortcut key f9. the machine tool will not start for the reason that currently it is hand wheel guidance mode.
swing the hand wheel, the machine tool will adjust the speed in accordance with the swing speed to machine along with the processing path. when operators stop swing, the machine tool will stop as well. and when operators continue swing, the machine tool will keep machining along with the processing path. the whole process is controlled by the hand wheel.
chapter 7 how to check program file
after loading the program file, and the current status of the system is �free�, operators can simulate the loaded program file at high speed by selecting the item �simulation� on the menu �auto�, or clicking the icon �simulation� at the �tool and status bar� at the left top of the main interface, or simply pushing the button f8.
simulation provides operators with a fast and vivid simulated machining environment. when the simulation starts, the system will no longer send pulses to drive the machine tool, but simply tracking at high speed to display the actual effect of the cutter processed at the window. through simulation, operators can know ahead the motion and machining effect of the machine tool to prevent the machine tool from being damaged due to the errors in editing the machining program, and to know some additional information. once the simulation process starts, the menu item will turn to �stop simulation and exit�. the simulation will stop if performing this function.
note: simulation information includes the following:
when the simulation limit is effective in parameter setting, system will check overtravel during simulating. if it prompts overtravel, then the actual processing will exceed the travel distance on the premise that not to change the workpiece origin.
the system will check the syntax of g code during simulation. if there are any errors then system will report the errors.
when operators put the mouse on the line, system will prompt the processing line number.
system will calculate the required processing time during simulation. on the premise that not to change the processing parameter and processing rate, the estimated processing time is the same with the actual processing time.
figure 7-1 status of simulation
figure 7-2 current simulation status notification on tool and status bar
chapter 8 how to operate milling bottom and frame
when performing easy milling bottom and outside frame, operators don't have to compile the g code manually or generate the program file by cam software. by performing the function of �execute machining command� provided by the system, only a few parameters have to be inputted to finish the operation.
the �execute machining command� consists of windows of rectangle milling, round milling, rectangle frame milling, and round frame milling, etc.
window of rectangle milling
window of round milling
window of rectangle frame milling
window of round frame milling
chapter 9 return to mechanical origin
�mechanical origin� is a fixed position in the machine tool. it is the zero position of the mechanical coordinate system and determined by the mechanical switch and electrical system together. to execute the �return to mechanical origin� function, the machine tool itself needs to be installed the origin switch. if it doesn't have the related hardware support, this function shall be prohibited. see the origin parameter setting in chapter eleven parameter management. as mechanical origin is the basic standard of the whole machine tool, thus its main function is to revise the present coordinate.
when the system starts, the dialogue box �return to mechanical origin� will automatically pop up. click the button, the corresponding axes will go back to the mechanical origin automatically and revise the coordinate of the system. before the x/y axes go back to the origin, please make sure that the z axis will go back to the mechanical origin first.
select the item �return to mechanical origin� in the �manual operation� menu, or use the shortcut keys ctrl plus home, the system will pop up the dialogue box �return to mechanical origin�. see the figure below:
figure 9-1 return to mechanical origin function
single axis going back to mechanical origin includes:
x axis going back to mechanical origin
select this command; the x axis will go back to the mechanical origin.
y axis going back to mechanical origin
select this command; the y axis will go back to the mechanical origin.
z axis going back to mechanical origin
select this command, the z axis will go back to the mechanical origin.
all axes go back to mechanical origin
select this command; all axes will go back to the mechanical origin.
note: if the explanation �return to mechanical origin� is executed, please try to raise the z axis when operation manually to make sure that the cutter head won't run into the machining workpiece.
the current coordinate information will be saved automatically when exiting the system. when sudden power failure occurs during the auto machining, the system will save the related information before power failure to the breakpoint protection file (which refers to save the breakpoint information and file name into the system memory when power is failure and each program file is only in correspondence with one breakpoint protection file). when the power is restored, a notification box will pop up, prompting the operators which file was machining when the power was failure. operators have to perform the �return to mechanical origin� operation manually and then resume machining the last file when the power was failure, or select a new program file.
firstly, if operators want to resume machining the last file when the power was failure, then you can click the button �resume at breakpoint� at the �toolbar� on the left top of the main interface and the machine tool will go back to the position before power failure. after clicking start, the machine tool will resume machining the unfinished file seamlessly from the breakpoint.
secondly, if operators select a new file to process, you can still resume machining the last file when the power was failure after finishing machining the new file and the machine tool will resume seamless machining from the breakpoint of the corresponding file. chapter 10 program management
select the item �program management� on the �window� menu or switch the window of status bar at the right bottom of the main interface to the �program management window�. see the figure below:
figure 10-1 program management menu
in the function of program management, the following operations can be conducted:
10.1 new
click the button �new� at the bottom of the window, a new empty file which has a default name will be created in the window. see the figure below:
figure 10-2 program management window
operators can click the button �rename� to rename the empty file by default. after renaming, operators can start to edit the newly generated file by clicking the button �edit� (note: the system only support to compile and edit the standard g code). through the keyboard, operators can realize manual data input of program segment, and then execute and display it. the features of mdi lie in easy input, quick grammar inspection and check, and convenient modification. and it is suitable for those parts with easy shape and short program. after finishing editing, save the file by clicking the button �save� at the bottom.
10.2 edit
select the item �program edit� on the menu �windows� or switch the �status bar window� at the right bottom of main interface to the �program management� interface. and select the existing file which is ready to be edited at the window, and then operators can edit and modify the files after clicking the button �edit� at the bottom of the window. after finishing editing, save the file by clicking the button �save� at the bottom. the system shall be closed after saving. see the figure below:
figure 10-3 edit
for the files newly created or already edited, the system will check the grammar automatically before saving. operators shall edit the files according to the compiling norms set by our company; otherwise the system will report errors. see details in part two.
note:
this edit window can edit machining programs with the storage over 5 megabytes. if the file is over 5 megabytes, operators have to edit in a specific editor on pc.
at the edit window, operators can input any text. the system will perform syntax check automatically after inputting to make sure that the machine tool won't be damaged due to the execution of wrong explanations.
click the right mouse button at the edit window and the context menu will pop up. operators can perform the �copy� and �paste� functions conveniently to realize the edit and modification of the program at fast speed. click the button �save� after modifying the edit, then the modified program file will be saved.
10.3 delete
select the file that you want to delete with the mouse and click the �delete� button, and then you can delete the selected file. you can also delete a certain file by moving the up/down keys in the keyboard.
10.4 rename
rename the file in the system.
10.5 export to u disk
export the file in the system to the u disk.
chapter 11 parameter management
the �parameter management� menu includes several items related to parameter. click the menu with your mouse, then the pull-down menu items will appear:
figure 11-1 parameter management menu on the menu bar
parameter setting: this function, composed of �user parameter� and �factory parameter�, can be used to open the parameter window to set the parameters.
return to manufacturer default parameter: this function is used to return the factory parameter back to the default setting.
parameter backup: this function is used to backup and save the parameters for future use.
restore parameters to u disk: this function is used to input the parameters of the system to the u disk in the form of file.
backup parameter to u disk: this function is used to save the parameters to the u disk.
restore parameters from u disk: this function is used to restore the parameters stored in u disk to the system.
parameter renew: this function is used to restore the parameter to the last set value
restore parameters to system from u disk: this function is used to copy the parameter files of the u disk into the system directly for the convenience of setting parameters. for machines of the same type, operators only have to set the parameters of one set, and parameters of other machines can be restored through u disk.
password modification: this function can protect the security of the parameter setting. to modify the parameters, operators need the permission, that is, the password. operators need to input the new password. normally, the parameters partly show the user parameter for the use of machining. if there is a need to modify the performance parameter, such as impulse equivalent, and maximum rotation speed of main shaft, then you have to input the password and then open up the factory parameter to modify.
after inputting the original password of factory parameter, then you�ll have the permission to modify the relative parameter of the machinery performance. modify the password immediately right after entering the system.
11.1 parameter setting
select the �parameter setting� item on the �parameter management� menu, the following window will pop up. this function is used to set parameters with permission and it is composed of two parts: user parameter and factory parameter.
figure 11-3 parameter setting window
�user parameter setting�: to set user parameter, operators shall select �user parameter� under �access rights� at the left bottom of the window, and then set parameter like �operation parameter�, �feeding axes parameter�, �spindle parameter�, �origin parameter�, �compensation parameter�, and �cutter parameter� respectively. after setting, all the user parameters will come into effect.
note:
normally (as default), the parameters partly show the user parameter for the use of machining. if there is a need to modify the performance parameter, such as pulse equivalent, and max speed of main shaft, then you have to input the password and then open up the factory parameter to modify.
�factory parameter setting�: to set factory parameter, operators shall select �factory parameter� under �access rights� at the left bottom of the window, and then set parameter like �operation parameter�, �feeding axes parameter�, �spindle parameter�, �origin parameter�, �compensation parameter�, and �cutter parameter� respectively. after setting, all the factory parameters will come into effect.
11.2 return to manufacturer default parameter
select the �return to manufacturer default parameter� item on the �parameter management� menu, the following window will pop up. this function is used to restore the factory parameter to the value set in the factory.
figure 11-4 manufacturer default parameter
11.3 parameter backup
select the �parameter backup� item on the �parameter management� menu, the following window will pop up. this function is used to backup and save all the parameters already set for operators to inquire in the future time. input the file name which you have to backup in the window, and click �ok� button, then all the parameter value will be saved.
figure 11-5 parameter backup
11.4 parameter renew
select the �parameter renew� item on the �parameter management� menu and then the following window will pop up. this function can be used to return the parameters to the previous setting value. select the file whose parameter is to be returned in the pop-up window, and click the �ok� button, then the system will restore the parameters to the previous setting value.
figure 11-6 parameter renew
11.5 password modification
select the �modify password� item on the �parameter management� menu, the following window will pop up. this function is used to modify user�s password to effectively protect the private information of the users, thus to effectively protect the security of parameters set.
figure 11-7 password modification
this system has two parameter categories, i.e. user parameter and factory parameter, as it involves a lot of parameters. it needs permission to modify and view one certain parameter.
11.6 permission of parameter change
normally, the parameters partly show the user parameter for the use of machining. if there is a need to modify the performance parameter, such as pulse equivalent, and max speed of main shaft, then you have to input the password and then open up the �factory parameter� to modify.
after inputting the original password of �factory parameter�, then you�ll have the permission to modify the relative parameter of the machinery performance. modify the password immediately right after entering the system.
11.7 methods of parameter change
to modify parameters, operators can move with the up/down arrow keys to the parameter to be modified, click the �enter� button, and then input the value in the parameter input area. another method is to double click the line of the parameter and then input the value.
for the yes/no parameter, inputting 1 means yes, and 0 no. you can also input �yes� or �no� directly.
note:
all parameters shall not be changed under the status of machining. it will be available after machining or before the next one.
11.8 user parameter
11.8.1operating parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timemovement after machiningmovement of the cutter after machining0 (stay still)
1 (back to fixed point)
2 (back to workpiece point)immediatelymechanical coordinate of fixed pointthe mechanical coordinate of the fixed point when cutter back to fixed point[lower limit of workbench, upper limit of workbench]immediatelymanual low speeddefault speed under manual mode[take-off speed to manual high speed]immediatelymanual high speedspeed of high-speed running under manual mode[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelytool dropping speed of z axisdownward cutter dropping speed of cutter along z direction[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelytool raising speed of z axisdownward cutter lifting speed of cutter along z direction[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelyrapid travel speedspeed of cutter when idling[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelydefault feeding speeddefault feeding speed of system[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelyadopt default feeding speedspeed specified in the file ineffective when adopting default feeding speed1 adopt default feeding speed
0 adopt specified speed in the fileimmediatelycutter lifting capacity of z axis when pausingheight of cutter lifting upward along z direction when cutter pausing[1, 1000]immediatelysafety heightsystem consider horizontal motion at this height safe[5, 500]immediatelycutter change notification effectivewhether system prompts cutter change when there are cutter change phrases in machining explanations0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelyplt translation parameterheight of cutter lifting when rapid travelingheight of cutter lifting when rapid traveling[1, 1000]immediatelyplt unitplt unit[1, 1000]immediatelycutter space when machining plt area[0.0001, 99999]immediatelymachining depth of 2d filemachining depth of 2d file[-500, 500mm]immediately11.8.2 feeding axis parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timediameter of rotary workpiecediameter of machining workpiece[0 to 99999]immediatelycheck of workpiece coordinate range effectivex/y/z axes0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelylower limit of workbenchx/y/z axes[-9999, 0]immediatelyupper limit of workbenchx/y/z axes[0, 9999]immediately11.8.3 main shaft parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeadopt default main shaft speed or notspecified feeding speed in program file ineffective when adopting default main shaft rotation speed of system0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelystalling at stopwhether main shaft stalls when machine stops0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelystalling at pausewhether main shaft stalls when machine pauses0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediately11.8.4 origin parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeback to mechanical origin before machiningset if go back to mechanical origin before each machining0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediately11.8.5 cutter parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timecutter namecutter diameter[0, 400]immediatelycutter length[0, 1000]immediatelywearing capacity of cutter diameter[0, cutter diameter]immediatelywearing capacity of cutter length[0, cutter length]immediatelytool position offsetimmediately11.9 factory parameter
11.9.1 operating parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeworkbench configurationstandard configuration or turntable configuration0: standard configuration
1: turntable configurationafter restartthickness of floating tool setter[0.1-1000]immediatelyfloating tool setter effective or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelymechanical coordinate of fixed tool setterposition of fixed tool setting in machine coordinate system for x/y/z axestravel lower limit of workbench to travel upper limit of workbenchimmediatelyfixed tool setter effective or notfix tool setting before auto machining or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelythickness of fixed tool setter[0.1 to 1000]immediatelyspeed of tool settingcutter feeding speed when fixing tool setting[take-off speed to 1000]immediatelyacceleration at turningmax. acceleration of feeding motion in adjacent axis[0.1 to 9999]immediatelyregular auto l. o. pump opening effective or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelypermitting to lubricate only when machine tool working effective or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelytime interval of l. o. pump openingl. o. pump opening at regular intervals[1 to 99999s]immediatelyopening time of l. o. pump[1, 99999s]immediatelytake-off speed(0, max. speed of each axis)immediatelyexclude z axis when operating workpiece origin0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelysingle axis accelerationchange rate of feeding axis speed[0.01 to 100000]immediatelyjerkchange rate of feeding axis acceleration[0.01 to 300000]immediatelypermitted chord height error when machining arc[0. to 0.1]immediatelycorner toleranceerrors of feeding motion in two adjacent blocks[0, 0.1]immediatelymanual direction1: positive
2: negativeimmediatelymax. speed of each axissetting the max. speed of the main shaft[0, 300000]immediatelydistance of z-direction acceleration at low speeddistance from destination when machine tool starts slowing down during
positioning[0, 500]immediatelyspeed of z-direction acceleration at low speedfeeding speed when cutters nearly get close to workpiece during positioning[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelyradius of reference circle[0, 999999]immediatelyspeed of reference circle[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelymin. speed of arc machining[take-off speed, reference circle speed]immediately11.9.2 feeding axis parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeimpulse equivalentcorresponding motion distance of machine tool for x/y/z axes to impulse sent by driver[0, 1]after restartworkbench travel range inspection effectiveinspect workbench travel range before machining or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelytravel lower limit of workbenchlower limit of workbench mechanical coordinate for x/y/z axes[-9999 �travel upper limit of workbench]immediatelytravel upper limit of workbenchupper limit of workbench mechanical coordinate for x/y/z axes[travel lower limit of workbench -9999]immediatelypositive limit effectivepositive limiting effective for x/y/z axes or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelynegative limit effectivenegative limiting effective for x/y/z axes or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelymax. speed of rotation axis[0, 999999rpm]immediatelymax. acceleration of rotation axis[0, 999999deg]immediatelydata display unit of rotation axis0: angle
1: gaugeimmediatelyaxis no. of rotation axis0: x axis as rotation axis
1: y axis as rotation axisafter restart11.9.3 main shaft parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timemax. rotation speed of main shaftset the max. rotation speed of main shaft[0, 100000]immediatelydefault rotation speed[0, max. rotation speed of main shaft]immediatelystart-up delay of main shafttime required for main shaft to start from rest to the rotation speed set in the parameter[0.5, 300]immediatelystop delay of main shafttime required for main shaft to stop till the speed is reduced to zero[0.5, 300]immediately11.9.4 compensation parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timescrew error compensation effective0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelynegative backlash compensation effective0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelycutter compensation effective or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelyscrew negative backlash[0, 100mm]immediately11.9.5 origin parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeorigin effective or not0 (no): ineffective 1 (yes): effectiveimmediatelydirection of rough positioning phasedirection of rough positioning phase when x/y/z axes back to mechanical origin-1: x/y negative, z positive; 1: x/y positive, z negativeimmediatelyspeed of rough positioning phasemotion velocity of x/y/z axes during rough positioning[take-off speed to max. speed of each axis]immediatelydirection of precise positioning phasedirection of precise positioning phase when x/y/z axes back to mechanical origin-1: x/y negative, z positive; 1: x/y positive, z negativeimmediatelyspeed of precise positioning phasemotion velocity of x/y/z axes during precise positioning[0.1, speed of rough positioning phase]immediatelybackspace distancepermitted motion direction when limiting originpermitted motion direction of x/y/z axes when limiting origin0: both positive and negative motion
1: only positive motion
-1: only negative motionimmediately
11.9.6 i/o polarity parameter
parametermeaning and functionvalue rangeeffective timeeffective level of origin signal0: low level effective
1: high level effectiveafter restarteffective level of hardware limit0: low level effective
1: high level effectiveafter restarteffective level of negative limit0: low level effective
1: high level effectiveafter restarteffective level of cutter signal0: low level effective
1: high level effectiveafter restarteffective level of emergency stop0: low level effective
1: high level effectiveafter restart chapter 12 auxiliary management
the menu �help� includes various items related to auxiliary functions. click the menu �help� with the mouse, the pull-down list emerges:
picture 12-1 help menu on menu bar
12.1 software update
when there is a new version, select the item �software update� on the menu �help� and the following window will pop up. this function is used for system software updating. if you are going to update the software in the system, save the updating program to the u disk and plug the u disk into the system. click the menu bar, then you can update the system.
select the item �software update� on the menu of �help�, and following window will pop up, prompting users to backup parameters before updating the system.
backup the parameters.
select the file to be updated with the extension of �nb0�, and press the button �ok�.
note: don�t cut off the power while updating the system.
12.2 current version
select the item �current version� on the menu �help�, related information about the current edition of system software will be given.
12.3 chinese/english interface
select the item �chinese/english interface� on the menu �help�, the switch between chinese and english interface can be realized. this function can be only used when the system is in an idle status. after switching the interface, the system will automatically restart.
appendix
shortcut keys schedule:
operationshortcut keysreturn to workpiece originf7enter/exit simulationf8startf9pausef10stopf11resume at break pointshift f9advanced startctrl f9set current xyz as workpiece originshift f6set current x as workpiece originshift xset current y as workpiece originshift yset current z as workpiece originshift zfixed tool settingshift f7execute machining explanationsctrl shift f9remoteh or hcontinuationj or jmachining software informationctrl ireturn to mechanical originctrl homereturn to fixed pointctrl ddisplay automatic windowalt f1display manual windowalt f2display tool setting windowalt f3display system log windowalt f4display u disk file windowalt f5display machining path windowalt 1display program management windowalt 2display program edit windowalt 3display i/o status windowalt 4undoctrl zcutctrl xcopyctrl cpastectrl vsavectrl sactivate manual windowscroll lockx- manual (including inching, increment)4 (keypad)x manual (including inching, increment)6 (keypad)y- manual (including inching, increment)2 (keypad)y manual (including inching, increment)8 (keypad)z- manual (including inching, increment)1 (keypad)z manual (including inching, increment)9 (keypad)centerhomedisplay current machining pointendmagnify (keypad)minify- (keypad)create machining programctrl nuninstallctrl uautomatic (menu)alt o or alt omanual (menu)alt a or alt aparameter management (menu)alt m or alt mwindow (menu)alt w or alt wfeeding speed (menu)alt s or alt shelp (menu)alt h or alt hswitch control windowtabswitch windows of input coordinate and coordinate displayshift tab
programming manual
chapter 1 description of cnc machine tool
while machining spare parts on cnc machine tool, the relative movement of tools and workpieces should be carried out in certain coordinate system. programming staff should be familiar with the programming-related coordinate which is the machine tool coordinate and workpiece coordinate.
1.1 machine tool coordinate axis
1.1.1 naming and direction of machine tool coordinate axis
coordinate axis refers to movement axis (also known as axis or coordinate) occupies functions of displacement control (linear and angular displacement) and speed control. it is divided into linear axis and rotating axis.
to simplify the program and ensure its universality, unified naming standard of coordinate axis and direction of cnc machine tool has been set up: linear feeding axis is indicated by axis x, y, z, which is commonly called basic axes. as it is specified in iso standard, interrelationship of axes x,y,z are determined by right-hand rule (decare coordinate), as shown in fig 2-1, the thumb points to the positive direction of x axis, the forefinger points to the positive direction of y axis, while the middle finger points to the positive direction of z axis.
fig2-1 machine tool coordinate
1.1.2 confirmation of machine tool coordinate axis direction
the direction of machine tool coordinate axis is determined by its type and component layout, usually the confirmation order is:
�first, direction of axis z;
" next, direction of axis x;
" then, confirm the direction of axis y through right-hand rule or right-hand screw rule.
`$ confirmation of z axis: when determining the coordinate of cnc machine tool, axis z shall be determined first, and then come others. usually the direction of spindle that transmits cutting force is the direction of z axis. spindle perpendicular to workpiece clamping surface would be z axis when more than one spindle exist in the machine tool. z axis shall be the one vertical to the clamping surface when there is no spindle in the machine tool. the direction of tools away from the workpiece is selected as the positive direction of z axis.
a$confirmation of x axis: x axis parallels to the workpiece clamping surface while perpendiculars to z axis; usually x axis is in horizontal direction. for workpiece rotary machine tools (cnc machine tool, round grinder), x axis locates in the radial direction, paralleling with the horizontal slide. the positive direction of x axis is the one when tools away from the workpiece. for workpiece rotary machine tools, when z axis is in vertical direction, look facing the spindle of the tools to the column direction, the positive direction of x axis is the right direction ( x); when z axis is in horizontal direction, look from the rear-end of spindle of the tools to the workpiece direction, the positive direction of x axis is the right direction ( x);
b$ confirmation of y axis: according to right-hand rule, y axis, together with x axis and z axis consists of a coordinate system.
table 2-1 basic definition of coordinate direction of cnc mill
axis definition of positive directionxperpendicular to z axis and parallel to the clamping surface, facing the spindle of tools to the column direction, direction when cutting movement towards right is the positive direction.yaccording to x axis and z axis, determined by right-hand rulezparallel to spindle of machine tool, direction when tools away from the workpiece is the positive direction1.2 machine tool coordinate system, machine tool zero point and machine tool reference point
1.2.1 machine tool coordinate system and machine tool zero point
machine tool coordinate system is an inherent coordinate owned by machine tool, it is a basic coordinate system used for determining the position of workpiece and the movement of the machine tool. usually machine tool coordinate system is deemed as the reference coordinate system of programming coordinate system�workpiece coordinate system, rather than as the programming coordinate system.
the original point of machine tool coordinate system, also known as machine tool original point or machine tool zero point, is usually fixed. the position of the original point generally specified by machine tool parameter, once specified, the original point will be determined without change.
1.2.2 machine tool reference point and machine tool stroke switch
machine tool reference point, as well as the max, min stroke limit switch will be set down after the design, manufacture and adjustment of machine tool, they are fixed points. while machine tool zero point and effective stroke range are invisible points on machine tool, they are determined according to parameters by manufacturer.
methods of using normally open micro switch with feedback components to mark pulse are often adopted in setting of machine tool reference point. when the machine tool returns to the reference point, first move the operation platform close to the normally open micro switch, after pressing the switch, motion slowly until it receives the first reference pulse. the machine tool position herein is the exact position of machine tool reference point. once the machine tool has returned to the reference point, the zero point of the coordinate axis will be determined, so is the machine tool coordinate system.
before starting, the machine tool should be returned to the reference point for the following two functions:
1) establishing machine tool coordinate system.
2) eliminating the deviation of operating platform deformation and drifting.
the operating platform may cause drifting after a period time of using, which may lead to machining deviation. every time returning to the machine tool reference point, the operating platform would return to accurate position, thus eliminating the deviation. as a result, operation of returning to the reference point should be carried out before machine tool machining.
1.2.3 machine tool return to reference point and the establishment of machine tool coordinate system
the zero point of the coordinate axis can be easily found when the machine tool has returned to the reference point. cnc will establish machine tool coordinate system after confirming the reference points of all coordinate axes. the stroke range of machine tool coordinate axis is defined by the manufacturer, while the effective stroke range is determined by software limit. the relationship between machinery stroke and effective stroke of machine tool zero point, machine tool reference point and machine tool coordinate axis are displayed in fig 2-2.
fig2-2 machine tool zero point (om) and machine tool reference point (om)
1.2.4 workpiece coordinate system and workpiece original point
while programming, the programming staff defined the workpiece coordinate system, they select a certain point on the workpiece as the original point (called workpiece original point or program original point), and establish a new coordinate system, that is the workpiece coordinate system. when programming with absolute coordinate, program coordinate value of all the workpiece points are based on the original point of the program (when processing with parts program, cnc system will automatically transform arbitrary point coordinate relative to program original point into coordinate relative to machine tool zero point). once the workpiece coordinate system is established, it is permanently effective until being replaced. in the machining program of a workpiece, workpiece original point can be changed or set for one time or more.
the selecting rules of workpiece coordinate system:
1) simplify the program
2) less dimensional conversion
3) smaller machining deviation
4) parts marked by coordinate dimension usually make the datum points marked with dimension as its workpiece original point.
5) for symmetrical parts or center-based parts, the original point is selected on the center line of symmetry or the center of a circle.
6) workpice original point of z axis is usually selected on the surface of workpiece.
while programming machining program, first workpiece coordinate system should be set up according to g54-g59 directive. in machining process, g directive can be used to switch workpiece coordinate system if necessary, that is, the system is dynamic. however, once the system be established or selected, it�s permanently effective until replaced by new system.
chapter 2 structure of component program
a component program is a group directive and data sent to the digital-control device. a program is made up by several program segments which abide by certain structure, syntax and format rule, while a program segment is made up by several directive words. each directive word (also known as program word), composed of directive character (address word) and numbers, and is a specific action in digital-control machine tool control. as shown in fig3-1
fig3.1 structure of program
2.1 address and functional symbol
address symbol are displayed in table 2-1
table 2-1 address symbols
address symbolfunctiondefinition% or oprogram number of componentsprogram numbernprogram segment numbernumber of program segmentgpreparing functioncommand action method(straight line, arc,ect)dimension word x0y0zmobile command value of coordinate axisrradius of arc, fixed circulation parameter, rotary anglei0j0kcircle-center parameter, fixed circulation parameterffeeding speedspecification of feeding speedsspindle function specification of spindle rotary speedtfunction of tools specification of tools numbermauxiliary functionspecification of machine tool on/off controld0hcompensation numberspecification of tools radius0length compensationppausespecification of suspend time and branch program numberlrepetition timerepetition of branch program and fixed circulationqcutting depth, switch of fixed circulationfixed circulation parameter
2.2 format of program segment
a program segment defines a directive row executed by a digital-control device. the format of a program segment defines the syntax of function word in each program segment as shown in fig 3-2:
fig 3-2 format of program segment
2.3 composition of program structure
a complete program consists of part program number, program content and program end.
2.3.1 part programming number
part program number must be written on the first line of component program, the number begins with symbol �o�or �%�, next followed number between 1 to 9999. neither blank space nor null string is allowed before symbol�o�or �%�. program number is the code of component machining program. it identifies machining program, different program number echoes with different component machining program.
2.3.2 program content
program content is the core of the whole program. it is made up by lots of program segment, which is made up by one or more directives. the beginning of each segment program can be segment name or just omit it. program segment number is composed of address n and following four numbers from 1 to 9999, both incremental and arbitrary increase order are allowable in the arrangement order, and blanks may exist in the middle. in most digital-control system, program segment number only acts as the target-location indicator of skip or program search, as a result of which, the order of the numbers can be reversed; also program segment number can be automatically generated by digital-control system, while the incremental quantity of the number can be set up by machine tool parameter.
directive in program segment is composed of a letter from a to z, in capital form or in ordinary from and numbers, usually in two-digit form.
each program segment occupies a separate line, and there is no terminator in the end of a program segment.
2.3.3 program terminator
the last program segment of a main program should be m30.
and the last program segment of a subprogram should be m99.
2.4 content of program main part
(1) setting of coordinate system: g92 or g54-g59 should be seen in the first line of part program to establish workpiece coordinate system.
(2) setting of relevant numerical value: these numerical value matter with the choice of coordinate plane0method of absolute or incremental quantity0unit of dimensional word and the unit of feeding speed.
(3) setting of tools compensation: set the radius and length compensation of tools according to practical need.
(4)setting of cutting parameters: spindle for starting, rotary speed of spindle and feeding speed are included in cutting parameters.
(5) setting of tools motion path: while compiling program segment, make the program as simple as possible by making use of directive function offered by the system.
(6)halt setting of spindle: set the halt movement of spindle (m05) in the program before the end of the program.
2.5 format of subprogram
a subprogram refers to a section of machining directive code that can be used repeatedly. the first line of a subprogram should be addressed word o or % with subprogram number followed, while m99 should be the last line. conventionally, directives like m30 or m17 are not allowed in the middle of subprogram, while transfer or nest of other subprogram is allowed.
as shown in fig 3-3, when main program receives directive of transferring subprogram, the control moves to the subprogram; when subprogram receives directive of returning to the main program, control returns to the main program.
directive1 directive1�directive2 directive2� shape \* mergeformat shape \* mergeformat accept subprogram transferdirective ndirective n 1 shape \* mergeformat return to main programfig 3-3 main program and subprogram
chapter 3 programming directive system
this part is a detailed introduction on the programming directive system of shanlong engraving machine system. in the guidance of this part, program staff may draw up complete and accurate part machining procedure.
3.1 spindle function s, feeding function f and tool function t
3.1.1 spindle function s
format: s_
description:
s: spindle speed directive, it is used to control the rotary speed of spindle, the figure followed is spindle speed, unit of the speed is r/min. (tools of milling machine are fixed on the spindle, thus tools rotary speed is the spindle speed).
s is a mode directive. s function is effective only when spindle speed is adjustable. when s code is specified, it remains effective until the next is specified.
note: even the spindle is in suspending state, the value of s will still remained.
3.1.2 feeding function f
format: f_
description:
f: feeding function directive, it controls synthesis feeding speed of tools comparing to workpiece when machining, the unit of synthesis feeding speed is mm/min or mm/r.
directive f has different implication when working with different directive:
g00: specified fast moving speed, modal for current machining program.
g01-g03: specified feeding speed, modal for current machining program.
3.1.3 tool function t
format: t_
description:
directive t is used for tools selecting, the figure followed is the tools number selected. the relationship between t code and tools is determined by machine tool manufacturer.
when executing t code on cnc, turn the tool house to select the needed tool and wait until directive m06 acts to change the tool automatically.
t directive also transfers the tool compensation value (length and radius) of tool compensation register. t directive is a non-modal directive, but the transferred tool compensation value will remain effective until a new one is transferred.
when tools are installed, it is advised to install the tool on the spindle first, then operate m directive and t directive under mdi mode, thus install the tool into the tool house through spindle.
3.2 auxiliary function m code
auxiliary function is consisting of address word m and followed number, which is a one-digit number or two-digit number. the function is used for controlling the trend of part program, and switch movements of machine tool auxiliary functions.
m function can be divided into non-modal m function and modal m function;
non-modal m function is effective only in the program segment where the code is written.
modal m function is a group m function that can be mutual withdrawn, before being withdrawn by another function in the same group, these functions will remain effective permanently.
table 4-1 auxiliary function m code and its function
m codefunctionstatedescriptionm00program haltsnon-modal stop current program; spindle, feeding and cutting fluid stop during suspension.m02program endsnon-modalcompiled in the last program segment of main program, m02 indicates the end of main program. when the program comes to m02, spindle, feeding and cutting fluid will stop; machining finishes and the system will be reset.m03spindle rotate clockwisemodalthe spindle rotates clockwise, that is, looked from the positive direction to the negative position of z axis, and the spindle rotates clockwise.m04spindle rotate anticlockwisemodalthe spindle rotates anticlockwise, that is, looked from the positive direction to the negative position of z axis, and the spindle rotates anticlockwise. m05spindle haltsmodalspindle stops rotationm06change toolsnon-modaltools clamped automatically m07 cutting fluid 2 openmodalcutting fluid opensm08cutting fluid 1 open modalcutting fluid opensm09cutting fluid stopsmodalcutting fluid closesm10spindle clampsmodalm11spindle unclaspmodalm17subprogram returnsnon-modalreturn to the main program where the subprogram is transferred, subprogram will be continue executed. m30program ends and return to start pointnon-modalexcept from the functions in m02, m30 directive enables the system come back to starting stage of current running program again. m98transfer subprogramnon-modalfollowed by p directive and a four-digit or less number, used for transferring subprogram.m99subprogram endsnon-modallast program segment of a subprogram, indicating the end of subprogram and enable the system control back to main programnote: only one m code is allowed to be specified in each program segment. if there is more than one m code in a program segment, only m code arranged in the last is effective.
3.3 preparing function g code
preparing function g is consist of a one-digit or two-digit number after g, it was used to specify the machining operation such as relative motion path0machine tool coordinate system0coordinate plane0tool compensation0 coordinate offset0subprogram transfer0and suspension of tools and workpiece.
g function can be divided into non-modal g function and modal g function;
non-modal g functions: effective only in specified program segment, it will be canceled when the program segment ends.
modal g function: a group of g function that can be mutually withdrawn. once executed, it will be permanently effective until being canceled by g function in the same group.
3.3.1 selection of coordinate plane and programming method
3.3.1.1 selection of coordinate plane g17, g18, g19
format: g17
g18
g19
note: directives in this group select planes of arc interpolation and tools radius compensation:
g17: select plane xy
g18: select plane zx
g19: select plane yz
these plane directives are often used by digital-control milling machine with three coordinates to determine the plane the machine tool works in, plane selection should be considered when two coordinate are in linkage.
as shown in fig 4-1, g17, g18 and g19 are modal functions, they can be cancelled mutually. g17 is the default state when system is powered.
fig 4-1 selection of coordinate plane
3.3.1.2 absolute value programming g90 and relative value programming g91
format: g90
g91
note: directives in this group select programming method.
g90: absolute value programming with absolute dimension as its input. programming value on each programming coordinate axis is relative to the origin point (original point of workpiece coordinate system established by g92, original point of workpiece coordinate system selected by g54-g59 or original point of machine tool coordinate system specified by g53)of the program.
g91: relative value programming with incremental dimension as its input, programming value on each programming coordinate axis is the one compared to previous position, the value equals with the distance it moves along the axis, irrelevant with current programming coordinate system.
both g90 and g91 are modal functions, they can cancel each other. g90 is a default value (when powered, the state of the system is g90). g90, g91 cannot coexist in the same program segment, e.g. g90, g91, g0, x10 is not allowed.
as shown in fig.4-2, tools should move to point 1, 2, 3 from original point in order when programming with g90, g91.
fig 4-2 program g90 /g91
note: selecting appropriate programming method may simplify the program. when the drawing dimension is given as a fixed datum, absolute programming will be more convenient; while the drawing dimension is given as distances between contour vertexes, relative programming will be more convenient.
3.3.2 setting and selection of coordinate system
3.3.2.1 select g54-g59 for workpiece coordinate system
format: g54
g55
g56
g57
g58
g59
note: g54-g59 is six workpiece coordinate systems preset by the system, any of them can be chosen for use if necessary.
generally, more than one workpiece coordinate system shall be established when more than one workpiece is fixed on the machine tool or changing coordinate system original point of a workpiece for the reason of simplification and accuracy.
fig 4-3 selection of workpiece coordinate system (g54-g59)
workpiece coordinate system can be established by presetting the original point of workpiece coordinate system on machine tool coordinate system. directive g54-g59 can preset six workpiece coordinate systems in a component program. establishing workpiece coordinate system is to preset the distance from each original point of workpiece coordinate system to machine tool original point into digital-control system in mdi method, the system will save these distances automatically. when executing machining program, the digital-control system receives the offset value of workpiece original point, while the machine tool processes in the workpiece coordinate system that has been set up.
note: once specified a workpiece original point with one directive in g54-g59, a relative workpiece coordinate system has been set up. absolute coordinate of tools movement in the following program segment are values relevant to this workpiece coordinate system original point.
when establishing a workpiece coordinate system with g54-g59, the directive can be specified independently or specified together with other program segment; if there is position directive in the program segment, motion will generate. tools can be in any position of the machine tool, as long as the coordinate system has been established.
g54-g59 are modal functions, mutual withdrawn can be realized.g54 is a default value.
programming example:
as shown in fig 4-4, when programming with workpiece coordinate system, tools should move from current point to a, then from a to b.
fig 4-4 programming with workpiece coordinate system
note: before employing directive g54-g59, the coordinate value in machine tool coordinate system of original point in each coordinate system shall be set first.
3.3.2.3 programming of direct machine tool coordinate system g53
format�g53
description: programming directly with machine tool coordinate system.
original point offset of workpiece coordinate system is invalid under directive g53. g53 is a non-modal directive, which is only effective in its specified program segment.
here is a programming example:
g53 (g90) g00-100 y-100 z-100
3.3.3 setting of the unit
3.3.3.1 dimensional unit select g20/g21
format: g20/g21
description: g20/g21 specifies the input format (unit) of dimensional word.
g20: english input
g21: metric input
when the directive is specified as g20, unit of dimension word is english unit in; when it is specified as g21, the unit is metric unit mm.
g code herein should be defined before the program block. once a g code is given, unit of all the following operation will be changed. if there is no specification, it will be default metric unit.
3.3.3.2 setting of feeding speed unit g94, g95
format: g94 [f_ ]
g95 [f_ ]
description: g94, g95 are used to specify the unit of feeding speed.
g94 specifies feeding in each minute.
g95 specifies feeding in each revolution.
when programming with g94, unit of f will be set as in/mm 0mm/min according to g200g21 in linear axis, it will be set as�� �/min in rotation axis.
when programming with g95, unit of f will be set as in/r0mm/r according to g200g21 in linear axis, it will be set as �� �/r in rotation axis. the function is valid only when the spindle is equipped with encoder.
3.3.4 feeding control directive
3.3.4.1 quickly position g00
format: g00x_y_z
description: g00 commands tools, relative to the workpiece, move quickly to the positioning terminal (target point) of program segment directive from current position with a quick-move speed preset by each axis. among which,
x_y_z: quick position the terminal. under g90, g00 positions coordinate the terminal locates in workpiece coordinate system. while under g91, g00 positions the displacement terminal relative to the start point. feeding speed is invalid under g00, linear acceleration control will be adopted, and movement of different coordinate axis may vary from each other. simultaneous quick move on several axes is allowed, thus a linear trajectory is generated.
generally, g00 is used for quickly position to approach the processing point before processing or quickly return back to shorten processing auxiliary period after processing. it cannot be used during processing.
the fast-forward speed in g directive is set by system parameter to each axis, as a result of which, the speed cannot be specified by any program, but adjustment through the feeding adjustment button on operating panel is allowed.
shape \* mergeformat
fig 4-5 g00 programming
g00 is permanently effective until it is replaced by other directive (g010g020g03& ) in g function group.
note: each axis moves in its own speed, the time each axis needs to each the terminal may different, so the synthesis track of linkage linear axis is not a straight line. as shown in fig. 4-5, when the fast-forward speed of axis x is the same as that of axis y, the quick position path from a to b will be a >c >b, that is, it is in a fold line that a gets to b, rather than a straight line. here is a programming example�
n10 g90 g00 x30 y30 z40
3.3.4.2 linear interpolation g01
format: g01 x_y_z (f_)
description: g01 is a linear interpolation directive, it commands the tools move from current position in linkage to a position specified in the program segment in ways of diagonal movement or straight-line movement with a synthesis feeding speed specified in f directive. among that:
x_y_z: linear feeding terminal. it�s coordinate of terminal in workpiece coordinate system when under g90, while under g91; it�s displacement of terminal relative to starting point.
f: synthesis feeding speed.
g01 and code f are modal codes, which cannot be rewritten unless the processing line and feeding speed of the following speed are changed.
g01 commands the axes get to the terminal simultaneously in linear linkage, thus the synthesis track of linkage linear axis is a straight line. as shown in fig 4-6, p is the start point of the tools, which moves quickly from p to a, and cuts along ab0bo0and oa, then return to p quickly.
shape \* mergeformat
fig. 4-6 programming g01
all the coordinate axes can operate simultaneously. g01 is permanently effective until it is replaced by other directives (g01, g02, g03) in g function group.
here is a programming example:
n05 g00 g90 x40 y48 z2 s500 m03
tools move quickly to x40, y48, z2 �spindle rotate speed is 500r/min, clockwise
n10 g01 z-12 f100
feed to z-12 with a feeding rate of 100mm/min
n15 x20 y18 z-10 tools move to x20 y18 z-10 in linear track.
n20 g00 z100 quick move
n25 x-20 y80
n30 m02 program ends
3.3.4.3 arc interpolation g02, g03
format: g17 g02/g03 x _y _z _�r_ �/ i_ j_k_ f_
g18 g02/g03 x _y _z _�r_ �/ i_ j_k_ f_
g19 g02/g03 x _y _z _�r_ �/ i_ j_k_ f_
description�g020g03 commands the tools move clockwise and anticlockwise along the arc(synthesis track of linkage axis )from current position to the terminal specified by the program segment in linkage. the tools moves in the plane specified by g170g18 and g19 with the synthesis feeding speed specified by f. g02 is clockwise arc interpolation, while g03 is anticlockwise arc interpolation. among which:
x_y_z: arc terminal. it s the coordinate of arc terminal in workpiece coordinate system when under g90, and the displacement of arc terminal relative to arc start point when under g91.
i_j_k: deviant of the center of a circle relative to the arc start point. (coordinate of the center minus that of start point of the arc), it is specified in incremental method both in g90 and g91.
in the same program block, arc track can either be in more than two quadrants or be programmed into a complete circle.
g02 and g03 will remain effective until replaced by other directives (g01, g02, g03�) in g function group.
both radius programming and center programming can be used for arc programming. radius function word is r******. with the same start point, terminal radius and direction, there can be two kinds of arc. a negative r means the arc segment covers more than a semi-circle, while a positive r means the arc segment covers a semi-circle or less. when r is smaller than half of the distance between the start point and the terminal, it constitutes a 180 degree arc with half distance between the arc start point and terminal as its radius. function word i, j, k specifies the center of a circle in a center program. when the incremental methods of i, j, k is true, coordinate of the center is relative to the start point of arc, if not, it is relative to the coordinate of workpiece original point. (if coordinate of the center is marked in the drawing, direct programming is allowed without computing.) default plane of arc programming is x-y, g17, g18, g19 can be used to specify arc interpolation plane.
apart from the arc interpolation directive, if a straight-line directive simultaneous with the arc interpolation directive, helical interpolation is allowed. multi-circle helical line can be realized by specifying screw spacing by k while helical line is in interpolation.
radius programming cannot be used directly to circle programming before it is divided into two parts.
note:
when r>0, the angle between the arc and the center is smaller than 180�;
when r<0, the angle between the arc and the center is bigger than 180�;
here is a programming example:
interpolation in clockwise circle and anticlockwise circle may follow fig.4-7
for fig.4-7(a)
solution 1:
g17 g90 g02 x20 y10 i-2 j-14 f300
solution 2:
g17 g90 g02 x20 y10 r12 f300
for fig.4-7(a)
solution 1:
g17 g90 g03 x10 y22 i-12 j-2 f300
solution 2�
g17 g90 g03 x10 y22 r12 f300
fig 4-7 g02/g03 program
fig 4-8 whole circle interpolation
fig.4-9 is an example on whole circle interpolation.
solution1 �
g00 x0 y0
g02 x0 y0 i20 j0 f300
solution 2�
g00 x0 y0
g02 x20 y-20 r-20 f300
g02 x0 y0 r20 f300
note:
1) clockwise or anticlockwise is the rotary direction looking vertical to the forward direction of the coordinate axis of the plane where the arc located.
2) i0j0k can be used in whole circle interpolation, while r cannot.
3) if r is programmed together with i0j0k, only i0j0k is effective.
3.3.5 control directive of returning to reference point
3.3.5.1 return to reference point automatically
format: g28 x_y_z
description: g28 enables each coordinate axis position automatically to machine tool reference point (machinery original point) through intermediate point. x, y, and z are terminal coordinate of the directive, the terminal of which is known as intermediate point, rather than machine tool reference point. among them,
x_y_z�intermediate point (not reference point) when returning to reference point. it�s the coordinate of intermediate point in workpiece coordinate system under g90, and it�s the displacement of intermediate point relative to the start point.
after the power supply is on and returning to the reference point manually, directive g28 may control programming axis returning to reference point automatically through intermediate point when the program needs to be returned to the reference point. direction from intermediate point to reference point should be the same as it is set in machine tool parameters returning to reference points.
generally, g28 is used to change tools automatically or eliminate machinery deviates, before executing the directive, tools radius compensation and tools length compensation should be canceled.
executing directive g28 will not only generate mobile directive of coordinate axis, also coordinate of intermediate point will be saved for g29 to use.
g28 is effective only in the program segment it is specified.
shape \* mergeformat fig. 4-9 process of returning to reference point
3.3.5.2 return automatically from reference point g29
format: gx29 x_y_z_.
description: g29 enables all program axes quickly go through the intermediate point defined by directive g28, then quickly get to the target point. generally directive g29 follows directive g28 closely. among that,
x_y_z _: returned position terminal. it�s the coordinate of position terminal in workpiece coordinate system under g90, and the displacement of position terminal relative to the intermediate point specified in directive g28.
directive g29 is effective only in the program segment it is specified.
shape \* mergeformat
fig. 4-10 g280g29 programming
program in fig. 3-12 is as followed:
....
g91 g28 x100 y20
g29 x50 y-40
m06 t02
....
3.3.6 directive of simplifying programming
3.3.6.1 mirror function g24, g25
format: g24 x_y_z_
g25 x_y_z_
description: g24 is used for establishing mirror function, while g25 is for canceling.
x_y_z_�: for g25, it is used for specifying the center of the mirror�; for g24, it is used for specifying invalid axis of mirror function.
mirror function is a function when a workpiece is symmetricle on a certain axis or point, by using mirror function and subprograms, programming part of the workpiece to get the other symmetrical part of the workpiece.
the directive processes the mirror of machining outline, g25 indicates on, while g24 indicates off.
for directive g25, center of mirror can be either a line or a point. e.g. g25 x 10, specifying mirror the outline relative to straight line x=10�; while g25 x10 y10 z10, specifying the mirror relativ to point(10,10,10).
for directive g25, x_y_z_ specifies invalid axis of mirror. e.g. g25 x0, mirror function on x axis shuts down�; g25 y0 z0 �mirror function on y axis0z axis shut down. when x0y0z are all specified or none of the axis is specified, then shut down the mirror function on all axes.
note: in mirror process, first mirror the point in front of mirror directive, from the position the point has been mirrored, directive g00 or g01 will move to the start point of mirror processing.
3.3.6.2 proportion scaling function g50, g51
format: g50
g51 x_y_z_p_
description: g50/g51 is used to establish/cancel scaling function.
x_y_z_: specifying the coordinate value of the center. for omitted coordinate axis, keep previous scale proportion unchanged.
p_: specifying the scaling proportion of all the listed axes simultaneously.
workpiece outline compiled with workpiece program can be scaled in proportion. g51 indicates proportion on, while g50 indicates proportion off. g50 is default state. when g51 starts, coordinate value with movement directive takes �x �y �z � as its scaling center, calculating according to proportion ratio specified by p.
attention should be paid to the following points when scaling function is used:
1) if g51 is set in the program while g50 is not, the proportion will shut down when the program ends.
2) scaling should be carried out prior to tools radius compensation and tools length compensation when tools compensation is involved. g50 and g51 are modal directives, g50 is default value.
3) when scaling, first scale the point in front of the scaling directive, then directive g00 or g01 will move from the position of the scaled point to the start point of scaling processing.
here is a programming example�
n01 g00 x50.0 y50.0 ' quick positioning
n02 g51 x100.0 y80.0 p0.5 'specifying proportion centerx125,y90�; scaling value 0.5
n03 g01 y150.0 f1000 'straight line cutting �feeding ratio1000mm/min
n04 x175.0 y50.0
n05 g90 x50.0
n06 g50 'remove proportion function
n07 g00 x0.0 y0.0 'quick returning
n08 m30 'program ends
fig.4-11 usage of proportion function
3.3.6.3 rotation function g68, g69
format: g68 x_y_z_r_
g69
description: g68/g69 is used for establishing/canceling scaling function.
g68 is for establishing rotation, while g69 is for canceling.
x_y_z_: specifying coordinate value of rotation center.
r_: specifying rotation angle, unit of which is degree. clockwise direction is negative while anticlockwise is positive.
coordinate of the third axis perpendicular to current plane remains unchanged in rotation. that is, z axis remain unchanged when rotates in plane xy; x axis remain unchanged when rotates in plane yz; y axis remain unchanged when rotates in plane xz.
attention should be paid to the following points in rotation:
coordinate rotation prior to tools radius compensation and tools length compensation when tools compensation is involved.
scaling before rotation when the former is involved.
when rotate, first rotate the point in front of rotation directive, then directive g00 or g01 will move from the position of rotated point to the start point of rotating processing. here is a programming example:
g17g90 x0y0z0
g65p9999l1
g68 x0y0r-90 take (000) as rotation center �rotate 90 degree clockwise
g65p9999l1
g69 rotation shuts down
m30
o9999 process a rectangle
g91 g1x100
y50
x-100
y-50
g90
m17
followed is the actual processing effect:
shape \* mergeformat
fig 4-12 rotation processing schematic
the directive can be used in nesting:
g68 x_y_z_r_ ����a
�
g68 x_y_z_r_ ����b
�
g68 x_y_z_r_ ����c
�
g69 ����c�
g69 ����b�
g69 ����a�
a former rotation will exert influence on the latter one, whose rotary center is not the coordinate in the drawing. it changed with the former rotataion, the actual rotary center is the position after change.
function of g69 is canceling the rotatation closest to it. in the program above, code c� cancels g68 on point c, accordingly, b�cancels that on b, a� cancels that on a. rotation will be cancelled automatically when current processing program finishes if no g69 is exerted.
following is an example of nestification of ratation and proportioning.
g90 g0 x0 y0 z0
g91g65 p9999 l1
g65 p9998 l10
m30
o9999
g1 x200
y-100
x-200
y100
m17
o9998
g68 x50 y50 r45
g65 p9999 l1
g51 x50 y50 p005
g65 p9999 l1
m17
fig 4-13 is the effect of the nestification.
fig 4-13 processing effects after rotation
3.3.7 directive of tool compensation function
3.3.7.1 directive of tool radius compensation g40, g41, g42
format�: g40
g41 d_
g42 d_
description: g40, g41 and g42 are used to establish/ cancel function of tool radius compensation.
g40 is for canceling tools radius compensation while g41 is for establishing compensation on the left side of tool radius, g42 is for establishing compensation of the right side of tools radius.
d_�tools compensation address d is followed by parameters of g41 and g42, i.e. the tools compensation number, which is used for transferring the numerical value of tools radius compensation in memory. for example, d08 is for transferring the radius value of the eighth tool in tool storage. the radius value is input in advance into position 08 of tools list in memory. there are 100 tools radius compensation addresses, i.e. d00-d99.
note:
before tools radius compensation, compensation plane should be specified by g170g18 or g19.
switch of tools radius compensation plane should be carried out under the mode of compensation canceled. if it is under mode of compensation, the alarm will be triggered.
only g00 and g01 can be used for the establishing and canceling of tools radius compensation, while g02 or g03 cannot.
exact measuring of the radius of tools is needed in the directive, then the value of the radius is used to set the offset value of moth path of tools, the offset value will be stored in the memory, after which d code programming will make the offset number consistent with tools radius.
when g41 (g42) is specified, tools move to the offset position with radius value as the distance. after the execution of (g42), tools offset position quickly to vertical line position where program block starts, the value of displacement is dependent on offset value.
g40, g41 and g42 are modal code, they can be mutually canceled.
fig 4-14 direction of tools compensation (a) left compensation (b) right compensation
fig 4-15 tools radius compensation
here is a programming example:
g17 g01 g41 (g42) x_ y_ f_ d_ 'straight line interpolation and tools radius compensation
g02 x_ y_ i_ j_ 'arc interpolation
note: direction of current tools moving cannot be opposite with previous moving direction of tools when in compensation process or compensation canceling.
fig 4-16 moving direction of tools in compensation
for example:
g92 g0 x0 y0
g0 g41 x10 y10 d01 f1000
g1 x20 y10
if g1 x5 y10 is added, then the directive is a false one, for the moving direction of tools is opposite with the previous direction, g1 x1 y50 or directive with no contrary to the former direction is allowable.
g0 g40 x0 y10 is a false directive for direction of tools moving is just opposite with the previous position, while g0 g40 x0 y0 is a right one.
3.3.7.2 directive of tool length compensation g43 �g44 and g49
format: g43 h_
g44 h_
g49
description: directive g43 �g44 and g49 are used to establish/cancel tool length compensation function. among them,
g49 is used to cancel tool length compensation
g43 is to establish positive offset (terminal of compensation axis plus offset value)
g44 is to establish negative offset (terminal of compensation axis minus offset value)
h_�tools length compensation address h is followed by the parameters of g43 and g44, i.e. offset number of tools length compensation, which is used to transfer value of tools length compensation in memory. for example, h08 means transferring the length of eighth tool in tools compensation table. the value is input in advance into position 08 of tools compensation table in memory. there are 100 addresses of tools length compensation number, i.e. h00-h99.
set length deviate between standard tools and actual-use tools into offset storage, then compensation in both positive direction and negative direction of the directive to the terminal position of compensation axis can be realized without changing the program.
offset value that has been put into offset storage specified by code h should be added under g43, while under g44, the offset value should be detracted from terminal coordinate value of compensation axis motion directives; it�s applicable for both absolute directive and incremental directives. coordinate value after computing would be the terminal.
g43 and g44 possess modal function, when being programmed; they will remain effective, until canceled by g49.
fig 4-17 tools length compensation
as shown in fig.4-17, following is a programming example:
g90 g00 x5 z0 f300
g43 g0 z10 h1 'tool length compensation
g01 z-10 f1000
note:
axes vertical to planes selected by g170g18 and g19 shall be length compensated.
2) new offset value won t be added to the former ones when offset number changes, e.g.
supposing offset of h01 is 20, offset of h02 is 30, then
g90 g43 z100 h01 z is 120
g90 g43 z100 h02 �z is 130
3.3.8 other directives
3.3.8.1 pause directive g04
format: g04 p_
description:
p_: suspended time, unit is ms
pause directive is used in following occasions: to ensure sharpness of edges and corners in edge processing. stop feeding the tool when it has reached the specifying depth in depth control of blind hole processing, and then retract the tool after the spindle has rotated for more than one circle to ensure a flat hole bottom. in order to avoid scratch of screw thread, the spindle should stop rotation and pause for 1-3s when retracting from boring, retract should be done when the spindle has stopped completely; pause directive can also be used when the spindle has rotate a whole circle in transverse turning; pause directive0spindle starting0and change of tools can also be used to platen chamfer surface and central hole pyramidal surface when chamfering or boring a center hole on a machine tool.
pause directive begins when movement of last program section ends (the velocity is 0). program segment g04 is effective for its own program segment, and suspended time will be specified.
suspending for a certain time during processing can be realized by inserting a program segment g04 between two program segments, as a result, g04 should be compiled in an independent program segment, closely follow the program need to be paused. the time will be specified by function word p, and the unit is ms.
here�s a programming example:
g04 p1000 'suspended time is 1000ms
3.3.9 fixed circulation function
in digital-control processing, circulation of some processing movement has been typicalized. for example, boring involves plane positioning, quick introducing, work feeding and rapid retract of a hole. a series typical movement above has been programmed in memory, which can be transferred by program segment where code g is included. code g with typical movement circulation becomes circulation directive.
fixed circulation function equipped in digital-control miller is mainly used for hole machining, e.g. drilling, boring and tapping. one program segment can finish all boring movement. if there is no alteration in boring movement, modal data in the program can remain unchanged when further processing a hole. in this way, the program is simplified.
3.3.9.1 movement of fixed circulation
fixed circulation of bore processing is consisting of six movements.
movement1��x axis and y axis positioning �quick position tools to bore processing0
movement 2 fast forward to r: tools feed to r quickly from start point. movement 3 bore processing�process the bore in the way of cutting and feeding.
movement 4 movement in the bottom of bore�pause, spindle accurate stop, and tools displacement are involved.
movement 5 returning to r�further processing the bore and move tools safely.
movement 6 returning to start point quickly, selecting start point after bore processing.
initial plane
initial plane is set to ensure safety. distance between initial plane to part surface can be set as any safety height.
r plane
r plane, also known as r reference plane, is the height plane when the movement of tools turned from fast-forward feeding into automatically feeding. change in the surface of workpiece is the main consideration of deciding the distance to workpiece surface, generally the distance varies from 2mm to 5mm.
bottom plane of the hole
bottom plane of the hole is the height of z axis when processing blind hole. while processing through hole, the tools usually sticks out deeper than the bottom plane of workpiece to ensure all the holes are processed to adequate depth. the influence drilling bit exerting on depth of the hole should also be considered in drilling processing.
bore processing circulation is irrelevant with plane selection directive (g170g180g19), i.e., no matter which plane is selected, bore processing will be carried out on plane xy and drilling will in the direction of z axis.
3.3.9.2 code of fixed circulation
3.3.9.2.1data format
data of address r and address z in directive of fixed circulation are specified with incremental method (g91), r refers to the distance between start point and point r while z refers to the distance between point r and point z on the bottom plane of the hole. following is the explanation:
fig 4-18 fixed circulation
3.3.9.2.2hole processing method: gxx
format of hole processing method directive is as follows:
gxx x_y_z_r_q_p_f_k_�
x_y_�:specifying the position needed to be processed.(both absolute coordinate and incremental coordinate are allowed.)
z_�distance between point r to point z on the bottom plane of the hole.
r_�distance between start point and point r.
q_�specify processing depth. (the value of the depth is an incremental positive value)
p_�specifying the suspended time tools stay on the hole bottom. as it is in g04, the unit of p is ms with no decimal point.
f_�specifying the feeding speed of cutting in bore processing. it s a modal directive and remains effective in the following processing, even though fixed circulation is canceled.
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